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  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms.
    Gross_PuertoRico066.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico088.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico089.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico087.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico086.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico083.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_09_27LemonShark789.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico085.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico084.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    20170605HI0041.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_09_28LemonShark099.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI0952.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI0855.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    20170930-1291.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI1299.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI0973.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI0106.jpg
  • Dramatic underwater scene of red mangroves and the morning light pouring through.
    20170121HI052.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    20170930-1205.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_09_14LemonShark249.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2014_10_16HI715.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) are social animals, proven to form friendships. Lemon shark pups spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2014_10_17HI265-2.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2014_10_17HI650.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_02_22HI725.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_09_15Lemons507.jpg
  • A split shot of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) in Alligator Creek, Cat Island, Bahamas.
    20180716-500_7422.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricane Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico024.jpg
  • Just past sunset in the mangroves. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves01.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico064.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico063.jpg
  • A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) pup in a mangrove nursery in The Bahamas.
    20200614-500_1363.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico062.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico067.jpg
  • A school of grey snapper (Lutjanus griseus) hunt silversides in a mangrove creek in The Bahamas.
    2016_09_17Mangroves114 2.jpg
  • A grey snapper (Lutjanus griseus) hunts silversides in a mangrove lagoon in The Bahamas.
    2016_09_17Mangroves101 2.jpg
  • Grey snapper fish (Lutjanus griseus) hunting among red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) trees. Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2012_HI_Aug_21st134.jpg
  • A lemon shark pup (Negaprion brevirostris), only six months old, hunting in the mangrove creek she calls home at dusk in The Bahamas.
    Pup
  • Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) tree as seen through snell's window in The Bahamas
    20200628-500_1738.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's Cabo Rojo, washed up trash and dead mangrove trees still dominate some areas almost three years after hurricane Maria in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico065.jpg
  • Silversides hide in mangroves for protection in The Bahamas.
    2016_03_23_HI088.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2015_12_10HI025.jpg
  • Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) habitat with shoal of Silversides (Atherinomorus lacunosus), Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    20200628-500_1655.jpg
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico014.jpg
  • A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) pup in a mangrove nursery in The Bahamas.
    20200614-500_1295.jpg
  • A green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hides among mangrove trees in The Bahamas.
    20200706-500_1840.jpg
  • A green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with a missing front flipper swims through a mangrove creek in The Bahamas.
    20200706-500_2011.jpg
  • Mangroves, like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, are the best known defense against large storm surge. Protecting them protects communities from hurricanes. Parguera was one of the few places that faired relatively well against the double hurricanes of 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico016.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico015.jpg
  • A green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hides among mangrove trees in The Bahamas.
    20200709-500_2262.jpg
  • A green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) hides among mangrove trees in The Bahamas.
    20200709-500_2261.jpg
  • Schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) take shelter among red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) roots. Jardines de la Reina, Gardens of the Queen National Park, Cuba.
    20170214GOTQ0341.jpg
  • Where humans go, so to does trash. A mangrove island off Parguera, which helped protect the area during the 2017 double hurricanes, is also a popular party stop for tourists.
    Gross_PuertoRico013.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico011.jpg
  • A baby lemon shark swimming in the protection provided by mangroves. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves02.jpg
  • Mangroves are habitat for commercially important species such as these snapper. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves18.jpg
  • Large predators like this great barracuda may also come into the mangroves looking for vulnerable meals. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves19.jpg
  • Cancun, Mexico has exploded as a tourist destination with hotels, condos and entertainment following. This has come at a cost for the mangroves as they are continually cleared out and those that remain are heavily polluted. Some fear it is only a matter of time before Eleuthera will be "discovered" by the vacationing public and major developments will follow. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves07.jpg
  • A baby lemon shark swimming in the protection provided by mangroves. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonSharkStory.jpg
  • The mangroves provide protection from large predators, mostly other sharks, as the prop roots are a tangle too tight for larger sharks to swim through. Lemon sharks will return to the same exact creek they were born in to give birth, a process known as natal philopatry. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves03.jpg
  • A lemon shark pup is caught in a mangrove creek in south Eleuthera, Bahamas. At less than 2 feet he is a very young shark. He will be transported to a lab and then to an open-ocean pen for observation before being released as a tagged, wild shark. The shark will become a representative of the species. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves10.jpg
  • A tiny lemon shark pup is enclosed in a seine net. The shark is captured to be studied, tagged and released back into the wild. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves20.jpg
  • As the sun sets larger sharks often venture into mangroves as well. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves04.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico089.jpg
  • Even pups are targeted by sport fisherman looking for the thrill of catching a shark. The area surrounding mangrove creeks are usually sand flats home to bone fish. Sharks are often a side attraction to popular catch and release bone fishing. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves08.jpg
  • Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves22.jpg
  • Baby lemon sharks have been shown to exhibit distinct, individual personalities. Some even form friendships. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonSharkStory04.jpg
  • Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    LemonsAndMangroves23.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico087.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico084.jpg
  • In Puerto Rico's southwest, Cabo Rojo, mangrove trees that died during hurricane Maria in 2017 have still not recovered in 2020. Mangroves are the best-known defence in large storms producing large waves. A shoreline is greatly weakened without mangroves.
    Gross_PuertoRico088.jpg
  • Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    2015_11_30HI0977.jpg
  • The jaws of a lemon shark are designed to eat fish. The bottom teeth are skinny and pointy to grip the thrashing fish while the top teeth are serrated and efficient at cutting flesh. Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    Lemon Shark Jaw
  • Lemon sharks depend on mangroves for the survival of the first 5-8 years of their lives. Mangroves are disappearing throughout the world and the fate of the lemon shark is left in the balance. We need to get proper protections for the world's mangroves and then enforce them.
    2015_09_09_CEI526.jpg
  • A lemon shark pup uses the mangroves as protection from large sharks. The ecosystem is also home to many potential prey items like juvenile fish and crabs. This shark will spend the first 5 to 8 years of her life in this mangrove creek and return to the same one to give birth. Image made on Eleuthera Island, Bahamas.
    20170605HI0041sm.jpg
  • Other small sharks may take refuge in the mangroves. Although nurse shark pups often spend their young years hidden deep in reefs, mangroves are a great alternative.
    2013_mar19_Bimini207.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico067.jpg
  • After almost three years there are still large areas of dead mangroves in Puerto Rico, like this in Cabo Rojo, after hurrican Maria. Mangroves are a shoreline's best known defence during large storms and important habitat for many bird and fish species.
    Gross_PuertoRico062.jpg
  • Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) habitat with silversides, Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2012_HI_Aug_21st040.jpg
  • Mangroves replaced by walls have proven to be less effective at mitigating the effects of large storms like hurricanes.
    LemonSharkStory11.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI0908.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_09_15Lemons507.jpg
  • A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) pup uses the mangroves as protection from large sharks. The ecosystem is also home to many potential prey items like juvenile fish and crabs. This shark will spend the first 5 to 8 years of her life in this mangrove creek and return to the same one to give birth. Image made on Eleuthera Island, Bahamas.
    Ecosystem
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico014.jpg
  • Mangroves replaced by walls have proven to be less effective at mitigating the effects of large storms like hurricanes.
    The Wall
  • Researchers Ian Bouyoucos and Cam Raguse test whether a lemon shark pup (Negaprion brevirostris) had been previously tagged at the Cape Eleuthera Insitute in The Bahamas. Lemon shark pups spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development.
    2015_09_09_CEI392.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI1122.jpg
  • Researchers Ian Bouyoucos and Cam Raguse test whether a lemon shark pup (Negaprion brevirostris) had been previously tagged at the Cape Eleuthera Insitute in The Bahamas. Lemon shark pups spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development.
    2015_09_09_CEI308.jpg
  • Lemon shark pups (Negaprion brevirostris) spend the first 5-8 years of their life in mangrove forests. The tangle of roots provides protection from predators like large sharks and is full of potential prey like juvenile fish and crabs. Lemon sharks are the first species of shark proven to practice natal philopatry where the mother will return to the same area she was born in to give birth. Mangroves are being lost at unsustainable rates thanks to coastal development. Image made on Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    2016_05_16_HI1048.jpg
  • Puerto Rico has many homes, like these in Parguera, literally on the water making them highly vulnerable to large storms like hurricanes.
    Gross_PuertoRico007.jpg
  • Blue crabs and many other creatures call the mangroves home.
    2016_05_17_HI1516.jpg
  • Lemon shark pup among mangroves in South Eleuthera
    Home
  • Puerto Rico has many homes, like these in Parguera, literally on the water making them highly vulnerable to large storms like hurricanes.
    Gross_PuertoRico008.jpg
  • Puerto Rico has many homes, like these in Parguera, literally on the water making them highly vulnerable to large storms like hurricanes.
    Gross_PuertoRico006.jpg
  • Mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs are all connected and all rely on each other for healthy functioning. Seagrasses occupy 0.1% of the seafloor, yet are responsible for 11% of the organic carbon buried in the ocean. Seagrass meadows, mangroves and coastal wetlands capture carbon at a rate greater than that of tropical forests.
    Connected Habitats.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico011.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico015.jpg
  • Often referred to as the "engineers of the mangroves" crocodiles are the largest predators in this part of the ecosystem and carve out the paths through the mangrove root system.
    AmericanCrocInCuba
  • Mangroves, like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, are the best known defense against large storm surge. Protecting them protects communities from hurricanes. Parguera was one of the few places that faired relatively well against the double hurricanes of 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico016.jpg
  • Snapper and baitfish use the mangroves for both protection and a place to feed.
    MangroveSeascape
  • Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) habitat with shoal of Silversides (Atherinomorus lacunosus), Eleuthera, Bahamas.
    20200706-500_1959.jpg
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Shane Gross

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