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  • Discarded Pepsi and beer cans litter a riverbed. Campbell River, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210524-500_8502.jpg
  • Pepsi cans litter a river on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210524-500_8502.jpg
  • Invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow. These are highly destructive invasive species which can uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210527-500_9753.jpg
  • Seagrass produce oxygen through photosynthesis. One square meter of seagrass can produce 10 liters of oxygen per day. If you look close you can also see tiny animals living amongst the blades. Healthy seagrass meadows are among the most biodiverse habitats on Earth.
    Produce Oxygen, Sequester Carbon
  • Propeller scars are caused by boats going into water that is too shallow for their propellers. A minor scar can heal quickly, but a deep scar that tears up the roots can erode into major divisions of the habitat.
    Old Prop Scar
  • Propeller scars are caused by boats going into water that is too shallow for their propellers. A minor scar can heal quickly, but a deep scar that tears up the roots can erode into major divisions of the habitat.
    New Prop Scar
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210527-500_9456.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210520-500_8245.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills, tube feet, and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210303-500_4108.jpg
  • King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chick in the rain on St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia Island. The chicks down does not handle rain as well as it does snow. Rain can chill the chicks and put them in mortal danger. It is raining more and snowing less due to climate change.
    20211129-DSC_8267.jpg
  • King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chick in the rain on St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia Island. The chicks down does not handle rain as well as it does snow. Rain can chill the chicks and put them in mortal danger. It is raining more and snowing less due to climate change.
    20211129-DSC_7841.jpg
  • King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chick in the rain on St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia Island. The chicks down does not handle rain as well as it does snow. Rain can chill the chicks and put them in mortal danger. It is raining more and snowing less due to climate change.
    20211129-DSC_7847.jpg
  • Poor mooring practices can kill seagrass beds. A voluntary program is helping boaters moore in a seagrass friendly fashion.
    20210928-DJI_0419.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9222.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9098.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9072.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9002.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7937.jpg
  • Propeller scars caused by poor boating practices can cut the roots of seagrass meadows causing long-term damage. Image made in the Florida Keys.
    20190602-DJI_0085.jpg
  • A Philippine dive guide pours sand over a crown-of-thorns sea star. Although not an invasive species, outbreaks of this "star fish" can contribute to coral reef declines as they are highly efficient at eating coral. The topic of killing them to help reefs is controversial. Image made off Malapascua, Philippines.
    20181015-500_9665.jpg
  • Old propeller scar off Eleuthera, Bahamas. If a propeller ruins the root structure of seagrass it can corrode the meadow leading to loss of seabed structure.
    20180619-500_5969.jpg
  • Marine biologist Dr. Heather Masonjones tags a seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, to study an alkaline pond's population. Through this method of injecting a non-toxic dye, that can only be seen under ultra-violet light, she proved that this pond in The Bahamas has the highest density of seahorses on Earth.
    2016_02_11HI452.jpg
  • Marine biologist Dr. Heather Masonjones tags a seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, to study an alkaline pond's population. Through this method of injecting a non-toxic dye, that can only be seen under ultra-violet light, she proved that this pond in The Bahamas has the highest density of seahorses on Earth.
    2016_02_11HI075.jpg
  • On small islands waste management can be a challenge. Garbage, especially plastic, is blown into the sea and becomes toxic to fish, birds and other wildlife. Image made on Harbour Island, Bahamas.
    20170427HI0076.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico015.jpg
  • South Eleuthera conch fisherman crack the days catch. They use their pickup truck to transport the conch to the market parking lot so locals and tourists can have a chance to purchase the animal as it is being de-shelled. Conch are the national food of the Bahamas.
    BahamasConchFishery18.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9430.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9429.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9274.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9218.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_8991.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a giant pink star (Pisaster brevispinus) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210520-500_8328.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210520-500_8208.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210520-500_8128.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7928.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7918.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7901.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7851.jpg
  • Invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) among dead seashells and a muddy seabed. These crabs uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7487.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a painted sea star (Orthasterias koehleri) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210511-500_7243.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210507-500_7134.jpg
  • Entering Parguera's Bio Bay at sunset can be a beautiful spectacle on it's own.
    Gross_PuertoRico010.jpg
  • Marine biologist Dr. Heather Masonjones tags a seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, to study an alkaline pond's population. Through this method of injecting a non-toxic dye, that can only be seen under ultra-violet light, she proved that this pond in The Bahamas has the highest density of seahorses on Earth.
    2016_02_11HI452.jpg
  • Propeller scars caused by poor boating practices can cut the roots of seagrass meadows causing long-term damage. Image made in the Florida Keys.
    20190603-DJI_0179.jpg
  • Propeller scars caused by poor boating practices can cut the roots of seagrass meadows causing long-term damage. Image made in the Florida Keys.
    20190603-DJI_0169.jpg
  • A large pile of conch shells, called a midden, along the road in West End, Grand Bahama. The shells can be used as a natural breakwater for storms.
    20180724-501_8246.jpg
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico012.jpg
  • Philippine dive guide Nhato Reuyan pours sand over a crown-of-thorns sea star. Although not an invasive species, outbreaks of this "star fish" can contribute to coral reef declines as they are highly efficient at eating coral. The topic of killing them to help reefs is controversial.
    20181015-500_9665.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9273.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9201.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210520-500_8282.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7916.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210507-500_7086.jpg
  • Close-up detail of the the tufts of gills, tube feet, and spines surrounded by pedicellariae (pincers that can nip off the tube feet of other sea stars) of a painted star (Orthasterias koehleri) off Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
    20210320-500_5039.jpg
  • Scientists feed a green sea turtle with cancer - you can see cancerous growths around the eye - at the Manatee Conservation Center in Puerto Rico.
    Gross_PuertoRico102.jpg
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico014.jpg
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico012.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico011.jpg
  • Oxygen bubbles form on neptune seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) in the Mediterranean Sea off Spain. Seagrass produce oxygen through photosynthesis. One square meter of seagrass can produce 10 liters of oxygen per day. They also absorb and store carbon 35 times more efficiently than rainforests helping our fight against climate change.
    20190629-500_3711.jpg
  • Propeller scars, like these in the Florida Keys, are a result of careless boating in shallow seagrass beds. Propellers can cut past the roots of seagrass and inflict long-term damage to the meadow.
    20190606-DJI_0013.jpg
  • Propeller scars caused by poor boating practices can cut the roots of seagrass meadows causing long-term damage. Image made in the Florida Keys.
    20190602-DJI_0047.jpg
  • Propeller scars caused by poor boating practices can cut the roots of seagrass meadows causing long-term damage. Image made in the Florida Keys.
    20190602-DJI_0046.jpg
  • Scientists feed a green sea turtle with cancer - you can see cancerous growths around the eye - at the Manatee Conservation Center in Puerto Rico.
    Gross_PuertoRico102.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico011.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210527-500_9463.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210526-500_9016.jpg
  • Invasive European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) uproot important seagrass and can out-compete native crab species. Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
    20210517-500_7592.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricane Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico024.jpg
  • Mangroves hold sediments and can form barrier islands like these off Parguera, Puerto Rico, one of the few areas that faired well during hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017.
    Gross_PuertoRico015.jpg
  • A tourist walks through a mangrove boardwalk off La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Mangroves are not only the best known defence against storm surge, they are also beautiful and, when done right, can be a sustainable tourist attraction.
    Gross_PuertoRico014.jpg
  • The Pond is cut off from the main ocean leading the animals inside to evolve differently from those in the open ocean. In the background we can see a former pond that was dynamited open for a marina.
    20190218-DJI_0638.jpg
  • When mating does begin to take place it can appear to be a violent ball of sharks and difficult to tell exactly what's happening.
    20180610-500_5575sm.jpg
  • Some places, like the gulf side of northern Florida, have especially high densities of lionfish that can sustain an entire commercial fishery.
    20180227-DSC_4875.jpg
  • A comparison of clean seagrass vs. seagrass covered in sediments kicked up by passing boat traffic. The more sediment, the less the seagrass blades can absorb sunlight to photosynthesize.
    Crushing Our Oxygen Producers.jpg
  • Baby lemon sharks have been shown to exhibit distinct, individual personalities. Some even form friendships. Studies have shown the little sharks will spend more social time with certain individuals and can even learn from each other.
    Friends
  • Great white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Guadalupe Island, Mexico are a major tourist draw. While it is controversial no one can deny the economic argument for protecting sharks as tourist attraction.
    2015_10_18GuadD3087.jpg
  • The venomous dorsal, anal and pelvic spines of a Lionfish, Pterois volitans, are extremely sharp and can cause a painful stick if handled incorrectly. While a fairly minor concern individually, together the invasive species is spreading virus-like throughout the Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and wreaking havoc to reef ecosystems throughout the region.
    2014_11_25HI026.jpg
  • American crocodiles are much less agressive than their Cuban cousins. In Cuba's Gardens of the Queen they are a major tourist draw and can safely be photographed in the water.
    20170214GOTQ0309sm.jpg
  • The venomous dorsal, anal and pelvic spines of a Lionfish, Pterois volitans, are extremely sharp and can cause a painful stick if handled incorrectly. While a fairly minor concern individually, together the invasive species is spreading virus-like throughout the Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and wreaking havoc to reef ecosystems throughout the region.
    2014_11_25HI026.jpg
  • Marine biologist and commercial lionfish hunter Alex Fogg is efficient at clearing out lionfish, but even he can’t go as deep as lionfish.
    20180227-DSC_5074.jpg
  • Nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) mating is a brutal affair. The male grips the female by the pectoral fin and tries to pin her to the bottom so he can insert his clasper in her cloaca for copulation.
    Mating Nurse Sharks.jpg
  • Marine biologist Tanya Kamerman collects Coralliophila abbreviata (recently changed to C. galea) a type of snail that are an indigenous coral predator that have become a greater concern with the decline of coral populations. Currently they are working on finding what their key predators are so we can better protect coral reefs and help restore the balance of the ecosystem.
    20170717EX_250.jpg
  • Great white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Guadalupe Island, Mexico are a major tourist draw. While it is controversial no one can deny the economic argument for protecting sharks as tourist attraction.
    2015_10_17Guad036.jpg
  • The invasion is so intense a single dive can yield dozens of lionfish even with a small spear. In the Bahamas spearing while on SCUBA is prohibited, but a special exemption was made for lionfish.
    2016_06_18Freeport054.jpg
  • A conch fisherman finds a valuable conch pearl. These can sell for over $3000 as a raw material. Conch are the national food of the Bahamas. Scientists are predicting a fishery collapse is imminent, but how best to protect them is heatedly debated.
    BahamasConchFishery13.jpg
  • Propeller scars, like these in the Florida Keys, are a result of careless boating in shallow seagrass beds. Propellers can cut past the roots of seagrass and inflict long-term damage to the meadow.
    Propeller Scars.jpg
  • Setting up scientist Celia Ojeda Martinez's eDNA experiment. With this, the researchers can determine which species have been in the immediate area in the last days.
    20190806-501_4988.jpg
  • A Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) shares the water with Altantic cod and can be difficult to identify.
    Fisheries Need Seagrass
  • American crocodiles are much less agressive than their Cuban cousins. In Cuba's Gardens of the Queen they are a major tourist draw and can safely be photographed in the water.
    The Other Foot
  • Eagle rays can grow up to 8 feet across and much of their diet is made up of clams that live in seagrass meadows.
    Eagle Rays Feed Among Seagrass
  • A comparison of clean seagrass vs. seagrass covered in sediments kicked up by passing boat traffic. The more sediment, the less the seagrass blades can absorb sunlight and photosynthesize.
    20180205-_DSC0351.jpg
  • Lionfish tend to hide in the reef during the day, emerging at dawn and dusk, feeding on anything they can fit in their mouth, including endangered Nassau grouper and other important commercial species as well those species important for reef health.
    20180202-DSC_3451.jpg
  • Lionfish tend to hide in the reef during the day, emerging at dawn and dusk, feeding on anything they can fit in their mouth, including endangered Nassau grouper and other important commercial species as well those species important for reef health.
    20171107HI_186.jpg
  • Nurse shark mating is a brutal affair. The male grips the female by the pectoral fin and tries to pin her to the bottom so he can insert his clasper in her cloaca.
    Singles02.jpg
  • Marine biologist Dr. Brooke Gintert with the University of Miami scans a coral reef in The Bahamas with dual DSLR cameras creating a detailed photomosaic which can be compared to the past and future helping scientists understand changes to our coral reefs.
    20170718EX_0708.jpg
  • Great white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Guadalupe Island, Mexico are a major tourist draw. While it is controversial no one can deny the economic argument for protecting sharks as tourist attraction.
    2015_10_18GuadD3339.jpg
  • Great white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Guadalupe Island, Mexico are a major tourist draw. While it is controversial no one can deny the economic argument for protecting sharks as tourist attraction.
    2015_10_17Guad204.jpg
  • Great white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Guadalupe Island, Mexico are a major tourist draw. While it is controversial no one can deny the economic argument for protecting sharks as tourist attraction.
    2015_10_16GuadD1128.jpg
  • A nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) illegally trapped in a fish pot or fish trap. Each year the Bahamas closes the nassau grouper fishery to allow the fish time and space to spawn. Lack of enforcement means fisherman can easily break the law and catch the fish. Nassau grouper are now considered critically endangered species yet are still widely available on restaurant menus.
    2015_12_15HI018.jpg
  • An invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in a seagrass meadow off Vancouver Island, BC. Green crabs are especially destructive in seagrass meadows because they dig in the sediment for food and uproot the seagrass. They can decimate this important plant quickly.
    20210527-500_9753.jpg
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